A network perspective on the relationship between gaming disorder,depression, alexithymia,boredom, and loneliness among a sample of Chinese university students |
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| Affiliation: | 1. School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou, China;2. International Gaming Research Unit, Psychology Department, Nottingham Trent University, Nottingham, UK;3. Department of Education, Xi''an University, Xi''an, China;4. Mental Health Education Center, Jiangxi College of Applied Technology, Ganzhou, China;5. School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun, China;1. University General Hospital of Larissa, Larissa, Greece;2. Department of Psychiatry, University of Thessaly, Medical School, Larissa, Greece;3. Hellenic Association for the Study of Internet Addiction Disorder, Larissa, Greece;4. Laboratory of Developmental Psychology and Psychopathology, Department of Preschool Education, University of Thessaly, Volos, Greece;1. China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, 110122, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, PR China;2. Shenyang Women''s and Children''s Hospital, No.87 Danan Street, Shenhe District, 110011, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, PR China;3. Department of Environmental Sciences, COMSATS University Islamabad, Vehari Campus, 61100 Vehari, Pakistan;4. Shenyang University of Technologies, No. 111 Shenliao West Road, Economic and Technological Development Zone, 110870, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, PR China;5. Guidaojiaotong Polytechnic Institute, No.5 17A, N0.13 Road, Economic and Technological Development Zone, 110023, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, PR China;6. Liaoning National Normal College, No. 45 Chongshan East Road, Huanggu District, 110032, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, PR China;7. College of Land and Environment, Shenyang Agricultural University, No.120 Dongling Road, Shenhe District, 110866, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, PR China;1. Department of Psychology, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang Province;2. Institute of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang Province;3. Department of Physics, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance, East China Normal University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China;4. Department of Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, Child Study Center, and National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut;5. Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, Connecticut;1. Key Laboratory of Adolescent Cyberpsychology and Behavior (CCNU), Ministry of Education, School of Psychology, Central China Normal University, Wuhan 430079, China;2. School of Education, Guanghzou University, Guangzhou 510006, China;3. School of Education, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434023, China |
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| Abstract: | Background and aimsBased on previous research, it was hypothesized that negative affect (e.g., depression, anxiety, and loneliness) and low level of emotion regulation (i.e., alexithymia) are risk factors for internet gaming disorder (IGD). Research utilizing a network analysis approach to psychopathology has increased rapidly, and is used to examine the pattern of interactions between causal factors of mental health disorders. Previous research has investigated the relationship between gaming disorder (GD), depression, alexithymia, boredom, and loneliness by pair-wise correlation and correlation of three or four variables. However, to date, network analysis has rarely been utilized to examine the relationship between the aforementioned multi-variables. Therefore, the present study used network analysis to examine the relationship between GD, depression, alexithymia, boredom, and loneliness among a sample of Chinese university students.MethodsA sample comprising 1635 Chinese university students (913 males) completed a survey including the Gaming Disorder Test, Patient Health Questionnaire, and Toronto Alexithymia Scale, alongside single-item measures of loneliness and boredom.ResultsDepression, alexithymia, boredom, and loneliness were significantly and positively associated with GD. Loneliness and boredom had the closest edge intensity, and loneliness was the strongest central node in the domain-level network. The facet-level and the item-level network analysis also showed that GD was connected with depression, alexithymia, boredom, and loneliness. The domain-level network comparison test (NCT) showed the global strengths had significant difference among gender group (males = 1.90 vs. females = 1.77, p = 0.013).ConclusionsThe findings indicate that there is a close relationship between GD, depression, alexithymia, boredom, and loneliness. Negative affect and low emotion regulation may induce or worsen GD, resulting in a vicious cycle. Practitioners developing interventions to overcome GD should consider aspects aimed at adjusting and improving negative emotion, especially loneliness and related negative affect as well as facilitating positive emotion. |
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| Keywords: | Gaming disorder Depression Alexithymia Boredom Loneliness Network analysis |
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