Technological catch-up in the biopharmaceutical sector: Evidence from Iran |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Management, Science & Technology, Amirkabir University of Technology, Iran;2. Department of Management and Economics, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran;3. Technology Studies Institute, Tehran, Iran;1. PhD in Technology and Innovation Management [Doctorado en Gestión de la Tecnología y la Innovación], Faculty of Engineering, Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Medellín, Colombia;2. Postgraduation Program of Architecture and Urbanism, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, IMED, Passo Fundo, Brazil;1. Department of Psychology, Kamala Nehru College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India;2. Department of Psychology, University of Delhi, North Campus, New Delhi, India;1. Department of Political Science, Hebrew University of Jerusalem and School of Political Science, University of Haifa, 199 Aba Khoushy Ave, Mount Carmel, Haifa, Israel;2. Fondazione Bruno Kessler (FBK), Via Sommarive 18, 38123 Trento, Italy;3. School of Political Science, University of Haifa, 199 Aba Khoushy Ave, Mount Carmel, Haifa, Israel;4. Department of Occupational Therapy, University of Haifa, 199 Aba Khoushy Ave, Mount Carmel, Haifa, Israel;5. Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science, University of Trento, Corso Bettini 31, 38068 Rovereto, Italy;1. Chaoyang University of Technology, Taichung, 41349, Taiwan;2. Portland State University, Portland, USA;1. Department of Management, Bandar Deylam Branch, Islamic Azad University, Bandar Deylam, Iran;2. Department of Education, Faculty of Education & Psychology, Shahid Beheshti University, Tehran, Iran;3. Portland State University, Maseeh College of Engineering and Computer Science, Department of Engineering and Technology Management, Portland, OR, USA;4. Department of Industrial Engineering, Faculty of Industrial Engineering, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran;5. Chaoyang University of Technology, Taiwan;6. HSE University, Russian Federation |
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| Abstract: | This paper addresses the market and technological capabilities required for technological catch-up in the biopharmaceutical sector using a multi-case study method. The paper reveals that the firms that are catching up in biopharmaceuticals first developed their production capabilities (including API production, formulation and obtaining health approvals), then entered the process innovation. Iranian companies have locally re-produced existing products in the market in exact accordance with global standards, and then entered into the introduction of new strains by intensifying their R&D efforts. The paper observes that the existence of strong R&D efforts from the early stages is a prerequisite for technological growth. It also argues that assimilated migratory knowledge can not only complement indigenous efforts, but also stimulate further technological capability-building efforts by local firms. The paper shows that technological development in the Iranian biopharmaceutical industry was firstly geared towards the home market, which we refer to as the ‘test-bed’, before entering into international markets. A key strategic point here is that, despite the maximum use of domestic market capacity, our study considers it necessary to try to enter international markets. Therefore, presence in these markets and the development of capabilities in the biopharmaceutical industry are two blades of a pair of scissors. |
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| Keywords: | Biopharmaceuticals Technological catch-up R&D Iran |
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