Microstructure characteristics of 12Cr ferritic/martensitic steels with various yttrium additions |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Institute of Nuclear Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100083, China;2. Department of Reactor Engineering and Safety Research Center, China Nuclear Power Technology Research Institute, Shenzhen 518031, China;3. Advanced Energy Research Center, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China;4. Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Devices and Systems of Ministry of Education and Guangdong Province, College of Optoelectronic Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China;1. Materials Science and Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Hokkaido University, N13, W-8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan;2. Materials Science and Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Hokkaido University, N13, W-8, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan;3. Muroran Institute, Japan Steel Woks Ltd, 4, Chazu, Muroran 051-8505, Japan;4. Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 4002 Narita, O-arai, Ibaraki 311-1393, Japan;1. Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Institute of Solid State Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, Anhui 230031, China;2. University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China;3. Department of Materials Engineering, Zhejiang Industry & Trade Vocational College, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325003, China;1. Korea Institute of Materials Science, Changwon, 51508, South Korea;2. Changwon National University, Changwon, 51140, South Korea;3. National Fusion Research Institute, Daejeon, 34133, South Korea;4. Pusan National University, Busan, 46241, South Korea |
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| Abstract: | 12Cr ferritic/martensitic steels with 0, 0.1 wt%, 0.2 wt% and 0.3 wt% theoretical yttrium (Y) additions were fabricated by vacuum inducting melting and casting method. Solubilities of Y in the 12Cr steels are 0.027, 0.078 and 0.17 for 12Cr-0.1Y, 12Cr-0.2Y and 12Cr-0.3Y, respectively. Phase transformations and microstructure characteristics under different heat-treatment schedules were investigated. The starting temperature of ferrite-to-austenite transformation Ac1 are maintained about 850 °C, but the finishing temperature of ferrite-to-austenite transformation Ac3 are about 950, 970, 980 and 1000 °C for 12Cr-0Y, 12Cr-0.1Y, 12Cr-0.2Y and 12Cr-0.3Y, respectively, which indicates that Ac3 increases gradually with the addition of Y. Martensite accompanied with a few δ-ferrite is the dominant structure in all the steels. The amount of δ-ferrite shows a strong dependence with the Y content and austenitizing temperature. Area fraction of δ-ferrite increases with the content of Y, which is the ferrite favouring element. The minimum amount of δ-ferrite are achieved at 950 °C for 12Cr-0Y, 12Cr-0.1Y, 12Cr-0.2Y and 1000 °C for 12Cr-0.3Y. Besides, more carbides precipitate along the martensite laths and grain boundaries in the Y-bearing steel due to the redistribution of carbon between austenite and ferrite resulting from the ferrite favouring element of Y. |
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| Keywords: | 12Cr ferritic/martensitic steel Yttrium Casting Phase transformation Microstructure characteristics Rare earths |
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