Poly(vinylidene fluoride) with zinc oxide and carbon nanotubes applied to pressure sheath layers in oil and gas pipelines |
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Authors: | Fernanda Fabbri Gondim Lucas Galhardo Pimenta Tienne Barbara de Salles Macena da Cruz Erica Gervasoni Chaves Augusto Cesar de Carvalho Peres Maria de Fatima Vieira Marques |
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Affiliation: | 1. Instituto de Macromoleculas Professora Eloisa Mano, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (IMA/UFRJ), Centro de Tecnologia, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil;2. Centro de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Leopoldo Américo Miguêz de Mello, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro (PETROBRAS/CENPES), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil |
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Abstract: | In this work, PVDF composites containing 0.2% (m/m) of carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs), PVDF with 5.0% (m/m) of zinc oxide (ZnO), and composites containing both particles in the same contents in the matrix were melt processed in a mini-extruder machine with double screws, using the counter-rotation mode. Composites were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray diffraction (XRD), dynamic-mechanical analysis (DMA), and contact angle tests (CA). The samples presented the predominance of the α phase, with an increased degree of crystallinity as well as an increase in dimensional stability by incorporating both fillers, showing a synergistic effect between these particles, as shown on FTIR, DSC, and XRD results. SEM images showed a good dispersion of high aspect ratio particles. In general, DMA and TGA analysis showed that composites had not decreased their thermal and mechanical performance when compared to neat PVDF. Results of CA analysis showed an increase in the hydrophobicity of the sample containing MWCNTs. Permeability tests were also performed using a differential pressure system, combining high temperature and pressure, obtaining permeability measures and time lag. This work presents an alternative of composite materials, suggesting its application in the internal pressure sheath layers of oil and gas flexible pipes. |
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Keywords: | composites nanoparticles nanotubes oil and gas thermoplastics |
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