牛蒡多糖的提取及生物活性研究进展

牛蒡(Arctium lappa L.)作为传统的药食同源植物,在中国有着悠久的历史。牛蒡多糖(A.lappa L.polysaccharides,ALPs)是牛蒡中重要的活性成分之一,近年来备受关注。不同的提取和分离纯化方式会造成多糖结构上的差异,而牛蒡多糖的化学结构与多糖的生物活性紧密相关。该文总结了近年来常用的提取方式,包括热水浸提法及基于水提的新型辅助提取方法、酶解提取法、碱液提取法等,并比较了不同提取、分离纯化方式所得牛蒡多糖在分子质量、糖链结构及单糖组成方面的差异,总结了牛蒡多糖的抗炎、调节肠道菌群、降血糖、调节脂质代谢及抗氧化等多种生物活性,以期为进一步探究其生物活性机制、构效关系及应用提供参考。

Extraction and biological activity of Arctium lappa L.polysaccharides

As a traditional medicine and food homologous plant,burdock(Arctium lappa L.)has a long history in China.A.lappa L.polysaccharides(ALPs)are one of the important phytochemicals in burdocks.ALPs have a variety of biological activities,which has attracted much attention in recent years.Different extraction,separation and purification methods will cause differences chemical structure of the polysaccharides which are closely related to its biological activity.This article summarized the extraction methods commonly used in recent years,including hot water extraction and novel auxiliary extraction methods based on water extraction,enzymatic extraction,lye extraction,etc.The differences in molecular weight,sugar chain structure and monosaccharide composition of ALPs from different extraction and purification methods were also compared.In addition,the biological activities of ALPs such as anti-inflammatory effect,influence on intestinal flora,hypoglycemia,regulation of lipid metabolism,and antioxidant capacity were also be summarized.This review will provide a reference on mechanism,structure-function relationship and application for further exploring the biological activities of ALPs.