慈禧太后嘴中随葬夜明珠的科学研究--材质、命名与来源

夜明珠是世界若干杰出古老文明中同时存在的一个自然、历史和文化之谜.基于王春云在对这一世界性科学难题的首次全面破解方面所取得的一系列研究进展,以及对现有关于慈禧太后陵墓及其被盗的历史记载资料的科学分析和重新解释,研究认为,随葬于慈禧太后嘴中的夜明珠是一块具有近似球形形态、称重约787.28克拉的金刚石原石,其1980年当时1,080万两白银的估价约相当于现在8.1亿元人民币现值.这一结果本身再一次确证关于矿物夜光与磷光无关而夜明珠非大颗粒金刚石原石莫属的学术观点是正确的.由于这一科学发现属于国际科学史上的首次,笔者依照国际科学命名惯例将这颗金刚石命名为"国英(中国之星)"["Guoying(Star of China)"].本研究并为一举破解"王含珠"("王含珠"或者"饭块珠")材质这一中国历史文化千古之谜作出了重要启示,指出,至少就清朝皇室丧葬制度所及的"王含珠"("口含珠"或者"饭块珠"),其材质应该全部是大颗粒金刚石.照此逻辑,慈禧太后随葬珠冠上三颗饭块珠也都是大颗粒金刚石,其中最大的一颗、在清代称重四两、约当现在737.5克拉的大块金刚石也被作者依照国际科学命名惯例特别命名为"华夏之星"["Starof Cathay"],其1908年当时1,000万两白银的估价约相当于现在7.5亿元人民币现值.这一科学发现让人们清楚地看到,慈禧太后的随葬珠冠实际上是世界上各个国家有史以来最为昂贵和最为豪华的王冠.通过历史学与考古学研究,作者找到一条铁证,足以证明"国英(中国之星)金刚石"实际上就是由印度莫卧儿王朝沙·贾汗国王命名、迄今已经丢失了将近350年之久的"莫卧儿大帝金刚石"(theGreat Mugul)原石,而由法国旅行家Tavernier 于1665年描述的、具有280克拉和玫瑰琢型的优质净水金刚石(该金刚石在过去300多年历史中一直被全世界公认为就是被切割了的"莫卧儿大帝金刚石")实际上只是"莫卧儿大帝金刚石"的一个替换品.同样,依照国际科学命名惯例笔者将这颗金刚石命名为"痕都斯坦之星金刚石"["Starof Hindustan"].而此前世界各国金刚石学者在过去的三百多年时间里围绕"莫卧儿大帝金刚石"是否已经被切割成为"光明之山"(Koh-Nur,现由大英帝国王室收藏,镶嵌在伊利莎白女王的王冠上)、"光明之海"(或者"光明之川"、"光明之眼",Darya-i-Nur,曾由伊朗王室收藏,镶嵌在伊朗国王巴列维的王冠上)、"奥尔洛夫"(Orloff,曾由俄罗斯沙皇皇室收藏,镶嵌在凯瑟琳女王的权杖上)、"月亮之山"(Moonof the Mountains,曾由俄罗斯沙皇皇室收藏,但现在去向不明)的种种猜测和学术纷争至此便告尘埃落定.论文还对"莫卧儿大帝金刚石"如何成为"国英(中国之星)金刚石"的历史问题进行了探讨,认为最有可能是阿富汗国王AhmedShah Abdali先后八次远征印度莫卧儿王朝抢夺来该宝,然后于1760年或者1762年向清廷派遣使团时将该宝朝贡给了乾隆皇帝,而后该宝便流传到了慈禧太后嘴里.

NIGHT-SHINING JEWEL IN THE MOUTH OF EMPRESS DOWAGER CIXI:MATERIAL,NOMENCLATURE AND SOURCE

Based on recent progresses made toward unraveling the mystery surrounding night-shining jewel,one of the most perplexing natural,historical and cultural conundrums in several major civilizations in the world and a scientific analysis about historical data available at the time,it is concluded that the mouth jewel is a large white diamond rough of nearly spherical shape and weighing approximately 787.28 carats,which can thus be named "Guoying (Star of China)".Additionally,this study presents a very important inspiration toward the ultimate raveling of the eternal historical and cultural conundrum in China surrounding mouth jewel (hanzhu,rice clump-like jewel or fankuaizhu),and points out that as far as the mouth jewels referred to in the Royal Qing burial records are concerned,they all refer to large diamonds.Based on a historical study,it can be concluded that the Guoying (Star of China) jewel virtually originated from the Mugul Empire and is actually the long-lost Great Mugul diamond named by the Mugul emperor Shah Jahan,while the one described by Tavernier in 1665 as weighing 280 carats,being rose cut and of fine water,long held as "Great Mugul" but being lost for more than 300 years is simply a substitute,which is renamed "Star of Hindustan" in this paper.