A study of locomotion paradigms for immersive medical simulation environments |
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Authors: | Chang Ha Lee Alan Liu Thomas P Caudell |
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Affiliation: | (1) Griffin Technologies, P.O. Box 276, Wynnewood, PA 19096, USA;(2) SAIC, 8303 N. Mopac, Suite B-450, Austin, TX 78759, USA;(3) DARPA/IPTO, 3701 North Fairfax Drive, Arlington, VA 22203-1714, USA;(4) SwRI, 6220 Culbra RD, San Antonio, TX 78228, USA;(5) MAPC, 1850 Frankfurst Avenue, Baltimore, MD 21226, USA;(6) SPC, 1000 Wilson Boulevard, Arlington, VA 22209-2211, USA |
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Abstract: | Immersive virtual environments are increasingly used for medical training and rehearsal. Immersive environments can provide
realistic context for team training, where success relies on practiced coordination between individual members. Using immersive
virtual environments, medical teams can practice in situations that would otherwise be difficult or expensive to create. It
has been shown that individuals perform poorly when the training environment differs significantly from practice 2005. Efforts have been made to close this gap using virtual environments. Interacting in a virtual space requires a robust locomotion
paradigm. Locomotion paradigms are methods that allow an individual to move and navigate through virtual environments. Locomotion
paradigms should be intuitive to the user, and not distract from the central task of medical training. In this paper, we describe
and evaluate four locomotion paradigms, Look & Go, Push & Go, Point & Go, and Grab & Drag, using objective metrics to evaluate navigational efficiency. This study was performed with 98 volunteers predominantly of
clinical backgrounds. With the comparison between the performances of game-playing and non-game-playing subjects, we have
shown that game-playing experiences do not significantly affect the locomotion performances with the four proposed paradigms.
The results of this study suggests the Grab & Drag as the best method among four locomotion paradigms in triage/trauma scenarios,
where trainees need to find and help patients scattered in a large area. |
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