防城金花茶叶片表型多样性及化学成分关联表型性状分析

目的 基于表型性状及化学成分, 分析防城金花茶叶片表型性状遗传多样性, 并采用相关分析法, 筛选与化学成分关联的表型性状。方法 通过叶片表型直接观察法和UPLC指纹图谱检测方法, 基于液相色谱峰数量和面积, 采用主成分分析、相关分析方法对防城金花茶遗传多样性及表型性状和化学成分关联性状进行品质评价。结果 防城金花茶叶片各表型性状遗传多样性程度均较高, 非数值型性状变异系数较高的为叶形(103.57%)、叶色(103.71%); 数值型性状变异系数较高的为叶片总数(54.19%)和产量(57.14%, )。每个株系所含的化学成分种类不尽相同, 多样性指数最低的为表儿茶素(0.310), 最高的为19-去甲睾酮(2.068), 相对于其他已知化学成分含量, 马钱苷含量最高。多数化学成分与叶尾和叶脉有显著相关性; 叶面积、叶柄及叶长宽比与极少数成分有相关性, 其中叶尾渐尖、叶脉浅且细脉少、叶面积较大者, 多数化学成分含量较高。结论 综上, 防城金花茶叶片遗传多样性丰富, 不同株系化学成分存在较大差异, 可通过叶面积大小、叶尾形状、叶脉深浅、细脉多少筛选多数化学成分含量高的株系。

Analysis of phenotypic diversity and chemical composition associated phenotypic traits of Camellia nitidissima Chi leaves

Objective Based on the phenotypic characters and chemical components, the genetic diversity of phenotypic characters of Camellia nitidissima Chi leaves were analyzed, and the phenotypic characters associated with chemical components were screened by correlation analysis. Methods According to the number and area of liquid chromatographic peaks, the genetic diversity, phenotypic and chemical component related traits of Camellia nitidissima Chi leaves were evaluated by principal component analysis and correlation analysis. Results (1) The degree of genetic diversity of all phenotypic traits of Camellia nitidissima Chi leaves were large, and leaf shape (103.57%) and leaf color (103.71%) had the highest variation coefficient of non-numerical traits. The total number of leaves (54.19%) and yield (57.14%) had higher coefficient of variation of numerical characters. (2) Each strain contained different kinds of chemical components. The lowest diversity index was epicatechin (0.310) and the highest was 19-nortestosterone (2.068). Compared with other known chemical components, the content of loganin was the highest.(3) Furthermore, most chemical components were significantly correlated with leaf tail and vein. Leaf area, petiole and leaf length-width ratio were correlated with a few components. The contents of most chemical components were higher in those with middle and tail acuminate, shallow veins and few veinlets, and larger leaf area. Conclusion In conclusion, Camellia nitidissima Chi leaves are rich in genetic diversity, and there are great differences in chemical components among different strains. Most strains with high chemical content can be screened by leaf area, leaf tail shape, leaf vein depth and number of veinlets.