基于因子分析法的河南省城市经济竞争力研究

为研究河南省城市经济发展情况，以河南省18个地级市为样本，结合2020年《河南统计年鉴》数据，通过选取经济评价指标，并运用因子分析法提取了经济活力和经济潜力为主要因子，对河南省城市经济竞争力进行了评价。研究结果表明，河南省城市经济差异化明显，郑州市断层第一，多数城市的经济综合因子和经济活力因子低于平均值，尤其是经济活力因子，其平均值仅为0.153。为探究城市经济不均衡原因，用聚类分析法将河南省18个地级市划分为6类，发现前四类城市经济潜力因子得分较低，第五类城市经济活力因子得分较低，第六类城市发展较为均衡但综合排名不高。针对不同类型城市存在的问题，建议分别从大力推进强省会战略，分类管理、精准施策，加大宏观调控、刺激金融交易，调整产业结构、转变发展方式4个方面加以改善，以助推河南省经济竞争力快速提升。

Research on the Urban Economic Competitiveness in Henan Province Based on Factor Analysis

In order to study the urban economic development of Henan Province, with 18 prefecture-level cities in Henan Province as research samples, combined with the data of Henan Statistical Yearbook in 2020, an evaluation has been made of the urban economic competitiveness of Henan Province by selecting economic evaluation indicators and using factor analysis method to extract economic vitality and economic potential as the main factors. The results show that there is a striking economic discrepancy between cities in Henan Province, with the fracture of Zhengzhou ranking first. For the majority of cities, the comprehensive economic factors and economic vitality factors are lower than the average value, especially the second factor, with an average value of only 0.153. In view of an exploration of the causes of urban economic imbalance, the 18 prefecture-level cities in Henan Province are divided into 6 categories by adopting the cluster analysis method. It is found that the economic potential factor of the first four categories, as well as the economic vitality factor of the fifth category, is low in their scores, while the score of the sixth category is relatively balanced, but not with a high comprehensive ranking. For a solution to the existing problems in different cities, it is suggested to improve them from four aspects: vigorously promoting the strategy of strengthening provincial capitals, classified management, precise implementation of policies, strengthening macro-control, stimulating financial transactions, adjusting industrial structure, and changing the development mode, so as to boost a rapid improvement in the economic competitiveness of Henan Province.