RDX/Al/SiO_2纳米复合含能材料的制备及性能

为了在降低黑索今(RDX)机械感度的同时提高其热分解性能,以四甲氧基硅烷为前驱物,氟硼酸为催化剂,用溶胶-凝胶法制备了RDX-Al质量分数分别为30%、50%、70%(RDX与Al质量比均为6∶1)的三种RDX/Al/SiO_2纳米复合含能材料。用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能谱分析(EDS)及X-射线衍射(XRD)对其形貌及结构进行了表征;用热重分析(TG)、差示扫描量热(DSC)研究了样品的热性能;按GJB772A-1997的方法测试了样品的机械感度。结果表明:RDX/Al/SiO_2是以SiO_2为凝胶骨架,Al与RDX进入到凝胶骨架中形成的纳米复合含能材料;该复合材料中RDX的最小平均粒径为65.09 nm,且其粒径随RDX-Al含量的增加而增大;当RDX-Al的质量分数为30%时,与纯RDX相比,该复合材料中RDX的分解温度较纯RDX提前22.4℃,与原料RDX相比,样品的特性落高提高108.6 cm,爆炸百分数降低60%。

Preparation and Properties of RDX/Al/SiO2 Nano-composite Energetic Materials

To reduce the mechanical sensitivity of RDX and improve its thermal decomposition performance,three kinds of RDX/ Al/SiO2 nano-composite energetic materials of RDX/Al mass fraction as 30％,50％ and 70％ respectively (the mass ratio of RDX to Al is 6 ∶ 1) were prepared by sol-gel method using tetramethoxysilane as precursor and fluorine boric acid as catalyst.Their morphology and structurre were characterized by scanning electron microscopy(SEM),energy dispersive spectrometer(EDS) and X-ray diffraction(XRD).Thermal performances of the samples were investigated by thermogravimetric analysis(TG) and differential scanning calorimetry(DSC).The mechanical sensitivity of the samples was measured according to GJB772A-1997 method.The results show that the RDX/Al/SiO2 is the nano-composite energetic material formed by the Al and RDX into the skeletonn of gel as SiO2.The minimum particle size of RDX in composite material is 65.09 nm,with increasing the RDX-Al content,its average particle size increases.When the mass fraction of RDX-Al is 30％,compared with the pure RDX,the decomposition temperature of RDX in the composite material decreases by 22.4 ℃,compared with the raw material RDX,the characteristic drop height (H50) of the sample increases by 108.6 cm and the percentage of explosion decreases by 60％.