Analysis of Sex Pheromone Gland Content of Individual Symmetrischema tangolias by Means of Direct Gland Introduction into a Two-dimensional Gas Chromatograph |
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Authors: | Frans C Griepink Falko P Drijfhout Teris A Van Beek J Hans Visser Aede De Groot |
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Affiliation: | (1) Research Institute for Plant Protection, Wageningen, Pherobank, P.O. Box 9060, NL-6700 GW Wageningen, The Netherlands;(2) Laboratory for Organic Chemistry, Wageningen Agricultural University, Dreijenplein 8, 6703 HB Wageningen, The Netherlands |
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Abstract: | The amounts and ratios of the four constituents of the sex pheromone gland of the moth Symmetrischema tangolias were measured during a 24-hr dark–light cycle. A new approach was followed that involved the direct introduction of sex pheromone glands into the liner of a two-dimensional gas chromatograph (2D-GC) by using a special temperature programmable GC injector. With this method it was possible to examine individual glands without prior processing. This provides a clear advantage over other methods. The detection limit was 0.5 ng. The total amount of sex pheromone in the glands varied strongly from individual to individual (3.8–350 ng/female). The total sex pheromone amounts were significantly lower in the scotophase than in the photophase (62.2 and 101.5 ng/female, respectively). The ratios of the various gland constituents showed a symmetrical distribution, which did not fluctuate during the 24-hr dark–light cycle. |
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Keywords: | Symmetrischema tangolias Symmetrischema plaesiosema Gelechiidae moth sex pheromone gland pheromone titer direct gland introduction dark– light cycle gas chromatography |
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