Calbistrins, novel antifungal agents produced by Penicillium restrictum. I. Production, taxonomy of the producing organism and biological activity

Over a 14-year period, from 1971 to 1985, there were 15 patients referred to the Princess Margaret Hospital in Toronto for postoperative radiotherapy to the cervical lymph nodes following radical neck surgery for metastatic cancer. An intensive investigation failed to yield a primary site in any patient. All of the patients had extensive neck disease with significant indications for postoperative radiotherapy (massive neck nodes, invasion of extra nodal structures or fixation to unresectable adjacent structures). Of this highly selected group of patients with advanced neck disease: 4/15 (27%) died within one year of uncontrolled local disease, a further 2/15 (13%) died within four years of metastatic/recurrent disease, 6/15 (33%) died of intercurrent disease and 3/15 (20%) were alive with at least four years follow-up. Although all patients presented with advanced disease, survival and significant palliation was possible in this select group of patients.