直接甲醇燃料电池的原理、进展和主要技术问题

采用固体电解质膜的直接甲醇燃料电池 (DirectMethanolFuelCell,简写DMFC)由于结构简单、无液体电解质、比能量高等优点 ,近年来成为国际上的研究热点。论述了DMFC的原理和各研究机构目前取得的最新进展。目前存在的两个主要的问题是 :甲醇从阳极向阴极的渗透和阳极催化剂活性较低。使用新型的非氟质子交换膜及复合膜有望最终解决甲醇渗透的问题。阳极催化剂的研究已经向铂基多组元件系扩展。直接甲醇燃料电池在手机电源等微型移动电源和千瓦级的工业用可移动电源及电动车方面有一定的应用前景。

Principles, progress, and technical problems of direct methanol fuel cells

The direct methanol fuel cell (DMFC) with solid electrolyte membrane become the international research focus in recent years due to its advantages, such as simple structure, anhydrous electrolyte and high energy density. The principle of DMFC and the state of arts of its development are introduced. The percolation of methanol from anode to cathode and the low activity of anode catalyst is the two main problems to be solved. The utilization of novel non fluorinated proton exchange membrane and composite membrane are expected to be the solutions for solving the methanol percolation problem, while the research on anode catalyst is extended to platinum based multi component system for improvement. DMFC are promising in the applications range from portable power sources, such as mobile phone power and kilo watt level industrial power source, to electric vehicles.