| Abstract: | Biometric data have been integrated in all new European passports, since the Member States of the European Union started to implement the EU Council Regulation No 2252/2004 on standards for security features and biometrics in passports. The additional integration of three-dimensional models promises significant performance enhancements for border controls. By combining the geometry-and texture-channel information of the face, 3-D face recognition systems provide an improved robustness while processing variations in poses and problematic lighting conditions when taking the photo. |
