基于政策文本分析的中国城市生物多样性治理进展研究

城市生物多样性治理是全球生物多样性议题不可或缺的重要内容。政策文本制定是推进城市生物多样性治理的重要手段，开展政策文本的系统性研究，有助于了解治理进展和状况，但目前尚缺乏对中国城市生物多样性政策文本的系统性分析。基于派森(python)语言，以1993年以来654份中国城市生物多样性治理政策文本为分析数据，通过机器学习的K-means无监督分类方法对地方政策文本进行聚类，并分别分析了中央政策文本和地方政策文本的分布特征、事权演变特征、内容特征、性质特征。结果表明，整体上，中国的城市生物多样性治理已取得主流化趋势明显、认识提升明显、工作框架基本形成等阶段性成果，但还存在政策层级较低、区域不均衡、缺乏多部门联动、性质失衡、针对性和创新性较弱、内容较空洞和要求欠科学等不足。最后，提出了加速主流化并完善工作框架、加强科学研究并推动政策升级、依托国家重大战略和重大工程并促进实践加速等提升治理水平的可能路径。研究成果能为中国未来的城市生物多样性治理及其政策制定提供借鉴。

Research on the Progress of Urban Biodiversity Governance in China Based on Policy Text Analysis

Urban biodiversity governance is an indispensable part of global biodiversity issues. The formulation of policy texts is an important means to promote the governance of urban biodiversity. Systematic research on policy texts is helpful to understand the progress and status of governance. Based on Python, 654 Chinese urban biodiversity governance policy texts since 1993 were analyzed by using text mining technology. By means of K-means unsupervised classification of machine learning, local policy texts are divided into five thematic clusters of three definite schemes, urban greening management, environmental protection-related, garden city creation and urban greening, and three policy properties of mandatory, guiding and encouraging. The paper deeply analyzes the distribution characteristics, authority evolution characteristics, content characteristics and nature characteristics of the policy texts. The results show that, on the whole, China''s urban biodiversity governance has achieved phased results such as the trend of mainstreaming, the improvement of awareness, and the basic formation of work frameworks, but there are also shortcomings such as low policy level, regional imbalance, lack of multi-sectoral linkage, unbalanced nature or property, weak pertinence and innovative, empty content, and less scientific requirements. The possible ways to improve governance level are proposed, including accelerating mainstreaming and improving work framework, strengthening scientific research and promoting policy upgrading, relying on national strategic and major engineering projects, and accelerating practices. The research results can provide reference for future urban biodiversity governance and policy formulation of China