The effects of topical calcipotriol on systemic calcium homeostasis in patients with chronic plaque psoriasis

BACKGROUND: Calcipotriol is an effective treatment of chronic plaque psoriasis. We have previously demonstrated that it has a small effect on systemic calcium homeostasis even at recommended doses. OBJECTIVE: We attempted to determine the mechanism of the effect of calcipotriol on systemic calcium homeostasis so we could assess the possible consequences of long-term use. METHODS: Sixteen patients with extensive chronic plaque psoriasis were hospitalized and treated with high-dose topical calcipotriol. Up to 360 gm of calcipotriol (50 micrograms/gm) ointment was applied per week for 2 weeks under controlled conditions. RESULTS: There was a dose-dependent rise in intestinal absorption of calcium. No effect on bone turnover was demonstrated over this short period. Five patients became hypercalcemic, and there was a dose-dependent rise in serum total adjusted calcium, serum ionized calcium, serum phosphate, urine calcium, and urine phosphate. There was a dose-dependent fall in serum parathyroid hormone and serum 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3. CONCLUSION: Calcipotriol exerts its effects on systemic calcium homeostasis by increasing intestinal absorption of calcium and probably phosphate. This results in suppression of parathyroid hormone and 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D3.