Water flooding and pressure drop characteristics in flow channels of proton exchange membrane fuel cells

Water flooding of the flow channels is one of the critical issues to the design and operation of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs). The liquid water and total pressure drop characteristics both in the anode and cathode parallel flow channels of an operating PEMFC were experimentally studied. The gas/liquid two-phase flow both in the anode and cathode flow channels was observed, and the total pressure drop between the inlet and outlet of the flow field was measured. The effects of cell temperature, current density and operating time on the total pressure drop were investigated. The results indicated that the total pressure drop in the flow channels mainly depends on the resistance of the liquid water in the flow channels to the gas flow, and the different flow patterns distinguish the total pressure drops in the flow field. Clogging by water columns result in a higher pressure drop in the flow channels. The total pressure drop measurement can be considered as an in situ diagnoses method to characterize the degree of the flow channels flooding. The liquid water in the cathode flow channels was much more than that in the anode flow channels. The pressure drop in the cathode flow channels was higher than that in the anode flow channels. During the fuel cell operation, the cell performance decreased gradually and the pressure drop both in the anode and the cathode flow channels increased. The rate of flooding at the cathode side reached 49.56% under experimental conditions after 78 min of operation. However, it was zero at the anode side.