聚合物污染土壤的微生物固定化修复

从大庆油田采油污水污染土壤中筛选出以聚丙烯酰胺为唯一氮源和唯一碳源的4株聚丙烯酰胺降解菌R1、R2、R3、Y3。通过游离菌与固定化菌降解聚丙烯酰胺效果的实验数据比较，证明了微生物固定化法降解聚丙烯酰胺具有优势。因此，采用微生物固定法修复采油污水污染土壤，通过固定化颗粒的制备难易程度、强度、费用及对聚丙烯酰胺和原油的去除率等条件，比较了5种包埋固定化制备方法，考察了优选出的包埋固化法对土壤中污染物的降解能力。结果表明：PVA+海藻酸钠+添加剂法得到的固定化颗粒强度好，操作简单，不易破损，且费用低，对土壤中聚丙烯酰胺去除率为79.5%，对原油的去除率可达到98.7%。对筛选出的4种菌株鉴定得知R1为芽孢乳杆菌属，R2为微球菌属，R3、Y3为假单胞菌属菌株。

Microbial immobilization bioremediation of HPAM-containing soil

Four kinds of polyacrylamide(HPAM)-degrading bacteria R1，R2，R3 and Y3 were obtained by separation and purification experiments from petroleum-contaminated soil of Daqing Oil Field，in which HPAM is used as the only nitrogen source and the sole carbon source. In order to improve the biodegradation effect of pollutants in oil fields and reduce the loss of bacteria，the bioremediation method of immobilized microorganism was utilized. Five kinds of embedding immobilization methods were compared，including difficulty degree of immobilized granules preparation，strength，cost and removal rate of oil and HPAM. The degradation performance of embedding immobilization methods on soil pollutant was investigated. The experimental results showed that the immobilized microorganism granules made by polyvinyl alcohols (PVA)+sodium alginate+additives had high strength，simple operation，not easy dilapidation and low cost. Degradation rate of HPAM reached 79.6% and degradation rate of crude oil reached 98.7%. R1 was affiliated to Sporolactobacillus sp.，R2 was affiliated to Micrococcus sp. and R3 and Y3 were affiliated to Pseudomonas sp.