浸润性表面液滴定向输运研究进展

概述了固体表面润湿性等理论基础,随后重点综述了浸润性表面液滴定向输运的研究进展.浸润性表面液滴定向输运的驱动力主要来源于仿生结构或外场作用.其中对于仿生结构自驱动研究,概括总结了以蜘蛛丝、猪笼草和松针等自然界生物为仿生对象,依靠拉普拉斯压力差或表面能梯度实现液滴定向输运的相关研究,随后分析了其输运原理和优缺点,总结了其驱动力来源与理论公式.对于外场作用,其刺激源主要包括磁场、光场、电场、温度场和表面振动等,其中磁场作用力可以来源于液滴内部、液滴表面或液滴外部,光场主要包括近红外光、紫外光和可见光,电场主要包括静电吸引、静电排斥和电场间接作用等,温度场主要由蒸汽诱导、表面形变诱导以及热毛细作用诱导等,表面振动主要包括水平振动、垂直振动和声表面波作用等.接着基于不同输运原理分析对比了五种外场作用下液滴定向输运的特点.最后总结了浸润性表面液滴定向输运研究领域中存在的问题并展望了未来发展方向.

Research Progress on Droplet Directional Transport on Wetting Surfaces

The basic theory of the wetting surface is first introduced, and recent research on droplet directional transport is then reviewed. The driving forces of droplet directional transport mainly originates from biomimetic topology or external-field. In the part of biomimetic self-driven research, droplet directional transport inspired by natural structures such as spider silk, Nepenthes alata and pine needles is summarized based on the Laplace pressure gradient or surface energy gradient, and the corresponding directional transport mechanisms are analyzed and the theoretical formulas of driving force are derived. In the part of external-field induced research, the external-field mainly includes magnetic field, light field, electric field, heating field and surface vibration. Note that the force induced by the magnetic field can act inside the droplet, outside the droplet, and the droplet surface. The light field mainly includes near-infrared light, ultraviolet light and visible light. The electric field mainly includes electrostatic attraction, electrostatic repulsion and indirect action. The heating field is mainly induced by steam, surface-deformation and thermo-capillarity. Surface vibration mainly includes horizontal vibration, vertical vibration and surface acoustic wave. Based on different droplet transport mechanisms, the directional transport characteristics of five fields are further analyzed and compared. Finally, the problems and future directions for droplet directional transport on wetting surface are summarized and prospected.