弯管固体颗粒冲蚀理论与防冲蚀研究进展

在石油化工领域,管道输送系统的弯管非常容易遭受管内固体颗粒的冲蚀,使管道承压能力降低,增加管道输送的安全风险.首先对油气行业广泛采用的API RP 14E和DNV冲蚀准则进行了描述和分析,进而概述了国内外被较多专家学者提及的弯管固体颗粒冲蚀理论和模型,包括经典的微切削理论模型、变形磨损理论模型以及适用性较强的E/CRC冲蚀模型和Oka冲蚀模型.并在此基础上,对不同冲蚀理论和模型进行了对比和分析,指出各个冲蚀理论模型之间的内在联系,以及各自的优势和缺陷.在工程应用方面,对近年来工业中常见的防冲蚀涂层和防冲蚀几何结构进行了系统的归纳和总结.其中,防冲蚀涂层包括金属防冲蚀涂层、非金属防冲蚀涂层以及复合材料防冲蚀涂层,防冲蚀几何结构包括涡旋结构和各种形式的仿生肋条结构.最后,对弯管固体颗粒冲蚀理论模型的研究方向、纳米防冲蚀涂层以及仿生学防冲蚀肋条结构的发展前景进行了展望.为油气管道系统完整性管理、油气储运安全和流动保障等方面的研究提供借鉴.

Research Progress of Solid Particle Erosion Theories and Anti-erosion Methods in Elbow

In petroleum and chemical industry as well as other industrial processes, the elbows of pipeline transportation system are very easy to be eroded by solid particles entrained in the pipe, which reduces the pressure capacity of pipeline and increases the safety risk of pipeline transportation as a result. Firstly, this paper describes and analyzes the rules of API RP 14 E and DNV erosion prediction models used widely in oil and gas industry. Then, it summarizes the theories and models of solid particles erosion in elbow mentioned by many experts and scholars at home and abroad, including the classic micro-cutting theory model, the deformation wear theory model, E/CRC erosion model with high applicability, and Oka erosion model. On this basis, different erosion theories and models are compared and analyzed, and the internal relations among them as well as their advantages and disadvantages are summarized and pointed out. In terms of engineering application, the common anti-erosion coatings and anti-erosion geometric structures in industry in recent years are systematically summarized. The anti-erosion coatings include metal anti-erosion coatings, non-metal anti-erosion coatings and composite anti-erosion coatings. And the anti-erosion geometric structures include vortex structures and various forms of bionic rib structures. At the end of this paper, the research direction of theories and models of solid particle erosion in elbow, the development prospect of nanometer anti-erosion coatings and bionics anti-erosion rib structures are prospected. This paper can provide reference for the study of integrity management of oil and gas pipeline system, storage and transportation safety and flow guarantee of oil and gas.