甘肃省2004-2010年食物中毒事件分析

目的：了解甘肃省食物中毒事件发生情况，分析并探索该类事件的分布特点、发生原因，总结其发生、发展规律，为开展相应的预防控制工作提供科学依据。方法：根据中国疾病控制信息系统“突发公共卫生事件报告管理信息系统”2004年1月1日至2010年12月31日的报告，分析甘肃省各类食物中毒事件的时间、地区、中毒场所分布和致病原因等特征。结果：2004--2010年间甘肃省发生的各类食物中毒事件均呈现集中在二、三季度高发的趋势，其中化学和有毒植物类食物中毒的报告数量总体呈下降趋势。各类食物中毒事件的多发场所主要为家庭（41．2％）、学校食堂（20．6％）和农村聚餐等（19．1％）。微生物类食物中毒所占比重最大（41．2％）、波及人数最广泛（83．9％）；有毒植物类发病率最高（37．5％，P〈0．01），其中以毒蘑菇、菜豆中毒为高发病率的主要原因（72．0％、60．2％）；总体来讲化学类病死率最高（19．7％，P〈0．01），但病死率最高的前3位原因是肉毒梭菌（50％）、农药鼠药（46．3％）和毒蘑菇中毒（38．9％）。结论：从事件波及范围、构成比来看，微生物所导致的食物中毒仍是较大的食品安全问题；从致死性角度看，化学类的农药／鼠药和有毒植物类的毒蘑菇中毒更具危险性。

Analysis on Food Poisoning Events in Gansu Province from 2004 to 2010

Objective] To know about the situation of food poisoning events in Gansu province, and find out the trend, distribution and reasons of these events to provide scientific basis for correspending prevention. Method] Based on the data reported in National Management Information System of Public Health Emergencies of Chinese CDC from 2004 to 2010, we analyzed the character of time, area, place distribution and reasons of the food poisoning events in Gansu province. Result ] All kinds of food poisoning events in Gansu province had the high incidence trend on the second and third quarters, and numbers of poisoning events of chemistry and poisonous plant were on a declining curve. Most food poisoning events happened in family （41.2%）, school cafeteria （20. 6% ） and dine together in ru- ral area （ 19. 1% ） . The largest number of events reported and affected people was microorganism poisoning, which were 41.2% and 83.9% respectioely. Poisonous plants had the highest morbidity （ 37.5% , P 〈 0.01 ） , and poisonous mushroom （72. 0% ） and pea bean （60. 2% ） most accounted for the major reasons. The top three reasons of high fatality rate were poisoning of Clostridium botulinum （50%）, pesticide and rodenticide （46. 3% ）, and poisonous mushroom （38.9%）. Conclusion] In all food poisoning events, microorganism poisoning was still serious food safety issues, but from the fatality rate aspect, pesticide and rodenticide poisoning and mushroom poisoning had higher dangerousness.