山东、江苏省部分城市居民膳食中“非定态食物”营养比重调查

目的:"非定态食物"指外观表现为单一食物,但其原料构成和成分变化不定,在消费环节无法判断其构成和成分的食物,如稀饭类食物。本文拟调查山东、江苏省部分城市居民日常膳食中的"非定态食物"种类、食用频率,了解其在整个膳食中的食物比重和营养贡献比例。方法:采用多阶段抽样方法在山东济宁、淄博,江苏南京、常州地区抽样调查,采用24小时膳食回顾法对非定态食物的消费状况和摄入量进行调查。结果:828名被调查者的一日膳食中,非定态食物的食用率为86.2%,地区、性别之间无统计学差异。非定态食物的定态原料主要为谷类和干豆,被调查者中这两类食物非定态消费的摄入量达到本类别食物总量10%以上者分别为69.1%和25.7%,达到50%以上者分别为11.0%和22.5%。非定态食物提供的营养素占比中位数分别为:能量13.2%、蛋白质14.4%、碳水化合物18.5%;非定态食物贡献的B族维生素、多数微量营养素的占比也均在10%以上。非定态食物的摄入量、营养素占比具有地区差异,山东调查点明显高于江苏调查点。结论:非定态食物的食用率较为广泛,涉及食物品种较多,摄入量和贡献的营养素占比较高,在整个膳食中的地位较为可观,是影响营养评价准确性和制约营养指导有效性的重要因素,需要提高膳食调查中涉及此类食物的质控水平。

Survey on Dietary and Nutritional Proportion of Indefinite-configuration Foods Consumed by Urban Residents in Shandong and Jiangsu Province

[Objective] The indefinite-configuration foods are defined as a class of complex foods, which seem externally a simplex food but constitute with variable ingredients and composition, which is impossible at eating to know exact constitution of raw material unless mak- ing tracks for food cooking. This article aimed to explore consumption situation of such indefinite-configuration foods in diets of some urban a- dult residents in Shandong and Jiangsu province. [Method] Totally 828 adult urban residents were sampled randomly by a multi-stage sam- piing method from 4 cities in Jiangsu and Shandong provinces, and were investigated with 24h recall interview as well as a questionnaire for dietary intake, habit, and indefinite-configuration foods consumption in their diets. [Results] About 86.2% of subjects investigated had in- definite-configuration foods consumption in their diets with no differences between cities and genders. The indefinite-configuration foods con- sumed were made most from cereal, bean and legumes, which were consumed with more than 10% as indefinite-configuration by about 69. 1% and 25.7% of subjects, and more than 50% by about 11.0% and 22. 5%. About 13.2% of energy, 14. 4% of protein and 18.5% of carbohydrates （ P50 ） were provided with indefinite-configuration foods in diets. The dietary and nutritional contributions by indefinite-con- figuration foods were different significantly between cities. [Conclusions] The indefinite-configuration foods make up a relative large propor- tion of diet in terms of consumption rate and energy and nutrient contribution, so it would be very important to pay much attention on efforts to estimate exactly the indefinite-configuration foods in dietary investigation.