Alveolar flooding: a computer simulation |
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| Authors: | F Heijmans J Bert K Pinder |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Health Risk Control, Guangzhou Key Laboratory Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510006, China;2. Synergy Innovation Institute of GDUT, Shantou, 515041, China;1. International Center for Ecology, Meteorology, and Environment, School of Applied Meteorology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing, 210044, China;2. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong;3. State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210046, China;1. College of Chemical Engineering, China University of Petroleum (East China), Qingdao 266580, China;2. College of Electronic Engineering and Automation, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266590, China;3. Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-product Safety of the Ministry of Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China;4. Institute of Coastal Environmental Pollution Control, Key Laboratory of Marine Environment and Ecology, Ministry of Education, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266100, China;5. Laboratory for Marine Ecology and Environmental Science, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266237, China;1. Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH, Inffeldgasse 13, Graz 8010, Austria;2. Center for Medical Research, Medical University of Graz, Stiftingtalstraße 24, Graz 8010, Austria;3. Institute of Process and Particle Engineering, Graz University of Technology, Inffeldgasse 13, Graz, 8010, Austria;4. Chiesi Farmaceutici S.p.A., Via Palermo, 26 A, Parma, 43122, Italy |
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| Abstract: | A validated computer simulation of pulmonary microvascular exchange (J.L. Bert and K.L. Pinder, Microvasc. Res., 27 (1984) 51-70) has been extended to include exchange with the air space (alveoli). Equations which hypothetically describe characteristics associated with this additional compartment and the exchange of both fluid and plasma proteins between the lung tissue and the alveolar space are presented. These are incorporated into the simulation which has been used to predict the behavior of the pulmonary microvascular exchange system including alveolar flooding. The predicted trends associated with alveolar flooding are reasonable. However, due to the lack of specific experimental or clinical findings, the simulation remains essentially unvalidated. The effect on alveolar flooding and interstitial edema of the parameters associated with the additional relationships is presented and discussed. Primarily, results for perturbations in circulatory pressure are presented. Additionally, changes in permeability characteristics are shown and discussed. |
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