脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇脱毒方法研究进展

脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇(deoxynivalenol,DON)是粮食和饲料中污染广泛的真菌毒素之一,其化学性质稳定,毒性强,严重威胁人类和动物的健康。目前DON脱毒方法主要有物理脱毒法、化学脱毒法和生物脱毒法,其中生物脱毒法具有安全环保、特异性强、解毒效果显著等优点而备受推崇。生物脱毒法主要包括微生物的吸附作用和酶降解方式等。微生物的酶降解作用是通过破坏DON的毒性基团,例如C12, 13位脱环氧、C3-OH氧化和C3-OH异构化等,将DON代谢转化为毒性较小甚至无毒的物质。某些种类的乳酸菌、芽孢杆菌、德沃斯氏菌和酵母菌等细菌和真菌都具备降解DON的能力,乳酸菌作为食品级的益生菌,在降解DON和防控食品真菌毒素污染具有广阔的应用前景。本文综述了DON脱毒方法的研究进展,将其优缺点进行分析总结,旨在为防控食品和饲料中DON污染,尤其是微生物对DON脱毒作用的进一步拓展和深入研究提供参考。

Research progress on detoxification technology of deoxynivalenol

Deoxynivalenol (DON) is one of the widely polluted mycotoxins in food and feed. DON is chemically stable and is strong toxic effect on human and animal heathy. At present, the main detoxification methods of DON are physical detoxification, chemical detoxification and biological detoxification. Biological detoxification is highly respected for its advantages of safety, environmental protection, strong specificity and remarkable detoxification effect. Biological detoxification mainly includes microbe adsorption and enzyme degradation. Microbial enzyme degradation is to transform DON into less toxic or even non-toxic metabolites by destroying the toxic groups of DON, such as de-epoxidation of C12,13-epoxide ring, oxidation of C3-OH and isomerization of C3-OH. Both bacteria and fungi, including lactic acid bacteria, Bacillus, Devosia and Saccharomyces, have the have the ability to degrade DON. As food-grade probiotics, lactic acid bacteria have broad application prospects in detoxification of DON and controlling mycotoxin contamination in food. This article reviewed the research progress of DON detoxification and summarizes their advantages and disadvantages, in order to provide the reference of further studying microbial detoxification of DON particularly and control DON pollution in food and feed.