适配体功能化的DNA水凝胶的制备及其在食品安全小分子快速检测中的应用

DNA水凝胶是具有三维聚合物网络的高保水性材料。研究人员设计了多种DNA水凝胶交联制备方法,并通过向其中引入其他功能分子或与其他类型的功能材料相互结合,构建了具有优异性能的DNA水凝胶,受到了广泛关注。适配体是基于指数富集的配体系统进化(systematicevolutionofligandsbyexponential enrichment,SELEX)技术从随机寡核苷酸文库中筛选获得的对目标物质具有良好特异性与亲和力的寡核苷酸序列。适配体功能化的DNA水凝胶具有靶向范围广、稳定性好、易于修饰、操作简单和成本低等优点,得到了广泛应用。本文概述了构建适配体功能化的DNA水凝胶的基本设计原则与分类,重点介绍了适配体功能化的DNA水凝胶在食品安全检测中的最新策略,最后,讨论了适配体功能化的DNA水凝胶面临的挑战以及对未来的展望,旨在为其在食品安全领域的应用提供参考。

Preparation of aptamer functionalized DNA hydrogel and its application in the rapid detection of small molecules in food safety

DNA hydrogels are highly water-retaining materials with three dimensional polymer networks. Researchers have designed a variety of DNA hydrogels cross-linking preparation methods and constructed DNA hydrogels with excellent properties by introducing other functional molecules into them or combining with other types of functional materials, which have attracted wide attention. Aptamer is an oligonucleotide sequence with good specificity and affinity for a target substance, which is screened from a random oligonucleotide library based on an systematic evolution of ligands by exponential enrichment (SELEX) technique. The aptamer-functionalized DNA hydrogel has the advantages of wide targeting range, good stability, easy modification, simple operation and low cost, and has been widely used. This review summarized the basic design principles and classification of aptamer functionalized DNA hydrogels, focused on the latest strategies of aptamer functionalized DNA hydrogels in food safety testing, and finally discussed the challenges faced by aptamer functionalized DNA hydrogels and the prospects for the future, in order to provide reference for their application in the field of food safety.