开展全国山洪灾害调查评价的工作设想

山洪灾害调查评价是山洪灾害防御必不可少的基础工作,也是实现山洪灾害防御及时准确预报顸警、安全转移撤离、减少人员伤亡的重要保障和基础支撑.全国山洪灾害调查评价的主要工作应是全面查清山洪灾害的区域分布、灾害程度、主要诱因、防治区内水文气象、地形地貌、社会经济等基础信息,调查分析发生山洪灾害的降雨、下垫面条件和人类活动三大要素,为分析防治区小流域暴雨洪水发生规律,分析评价沿河村落防洪现状,科学划定危险区、合理确定预警指标提供基础数据支撑,弥补先前建设项目调查深度的不足,进而实现山洪灾害综合防治目标.

Working plan for mountain flood investigation and evaluation in China

Investigation and evaluation are fundamental for the prevention of mountain flood disasters, and guarantee and support for timely forecasting and warning, safe evacuation and escape in case of emergency and elimination of casualties. The main contents of investigation and evaluation are basic information related to mountain flood distribution, damage caused by the disaster, main courses, hydrological and metrological conditions, landscape, and level of social and economic development. Three key factors of precipitation, underlying surface condition and human activities that closely related to mountain flood are evaluated that provide a base for analyzing rules of rainstorm and flood happening in small watershed, current situation of flood control and defining disaster-prone areas and early- warning indexes, which makes the early investigation more complete and satisfies the needs of disaster prevention.