注入率对低渗油田开发的影响

针对目前油田注水开发理论基于达西定律，而对低渗油层的渗流规律研究及开发实践表明其渗流不符合达西定律，存在启动压力梯度的问题，研究了具有启动压力梯度的低渗透油田在等流量条件下的注水开发指标计算方法，导出了井排见水前后开发指标计算公式，并进行了实例分析，讨论了注入率对低渗油田开发的影响。结果表明：注入率对低渗油田开发指标影响较大，并且存在一最佳注入率，在此注入率时可获得最经济的开发指标，这为低渗非达西渗流油田注水开发计算提供了理论依据，对于宾厄姆型稠油油田注水开发的理论及计算的研究也是很有意义的。

INFLUENCE OF INJECTION RATE ON WATERFLOODING DEVELOPMENT OF LOW PERMEABILITY OILFIELDS

The existing theory of waterflooding is based on Darcy's law. However, studies and oilfield development practice have shown that in low permeability reservoirs the flow does not follow Darcy's law, with a starting pressure gradient (SPG) occurring in the process. With SPG taken into account, this work formulates the method of calculating indices of waterflood development before and after water occurs in the well array, under the condition of constant injection rate. Application of the formulas is illustrated with an example. Influence of injection rate on waterflood recovery is discussed. The results show that SPG has marked influence on the indices; and that there is an optimum injection rate at which the indices are most effective.