四川盆地栖霞组—茅口组岩相古地理与天然气有利勘探区带

中二叠统海相碳酸盐岩地层是四川盆地重要的天然气产层,勘探潜力巨大,但对其层状白云岩储层赋存相带及其分布情况等的认识尚不清楚,影响了天然气勘探的进程。为此,基于四川盆地沉积背景,以层序地层格架下有利储集层段为重点研究单元,通过对野外露头剖面、钻井资料和地震资料的综合分析,在岩相古地理方面取得以下研究成果:①中二叠统栖霞组沉积时总体表现为西南高、北东低的缓坡背景,而中二叠统茅口组在此背景上叠加了一系列北西向展布的台内裂陷,演变成向北东倾斜的隆洼相间的古地理格局:②栖霞组海侵域为开阔台地环境,高位域演化成镶边台地,剑阁一雅安地区的台地边缘滩为有利储集相带;③茅口组海侵域为碳酸盐岩陆棚环境,高位域演化为镶边台地,剑阁—雅安地区的台地边缘(礁)滩和盐亭—广安地区的台洼边缘滩为有利储集相带。结论认为:剑阁—雅安地区和盐亭—广安地区两条高能颗粒滩带是该盆地中二叠统层状白云岩储层规模发育的有利区带,是下一步天然气勘探的主攻方向。

Lithofacies palaeogeography and favorable gas exploration zones of Qixia and Maokou Fms in the Sichuan Basin

In the Sichuan Basin, Middle Permian marine carbonate rocks are important natural gas pay zones with immense exploration potential, but the facies belts and distribution situations of layered dolomite reservoirs are not clear, which hinders the progress in natural gas exploration. In view of the sedimentary background of the Sichuan Basin, field outcrop section, drilling data and seismic data were comprehensively analyzed with the favorable reservoir intervals in the framework of sequence stratigraphy as the key research units. Research results about its lithofacies palaogeography were obtained as follows. First, a gentle slope SW high and NE low was presented during the sedimentation of the Qixia Fm in the Middle Permian. In the Maokou Fm of the Middle Permian, however, a series of the N-W trending intra-platform rifts were developed in this setting, and eventually a palaeogeographic pattern of NE-dipping alternative uplift and depression was evolved. Second, in the Qixia Fm, the transgressive tract was in an open platform environment and the highstand system tract evolved into a rimmed platform. And the platform margin beach in the area of Jiange-Ya’an is the favorable reservoir facies belt. And third, in the Maokou Fm, the transgressive tract was in the carbonate shelf environment and the highstand system tract evolved into a rimmed platform. And the platform margin reef flat in the area of Jiange-Ya’an and the syneclise margin beach in the area of Yanting- Guang’an are favorable reservoir facies belts. It is concluded that the two grain beach facies belts in the areas of Jiange-Ya’an and Yanting-Guang’an were the favorable zones for the large-scale development of Middle Permian layered dolomite reservoirs and they are the main target of subsequent natural gas exploration.