Forming of the titanium elements by bending |
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| Authors: | Janina Adamus Piotr Lacki |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Ovidius University of Constanta Romania;2. University of Stuttgart Germany;1. Electrochemical Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, S.V.U. College of Sciences, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupati-517 502, Andhra Pradesh, India;2. Department of Psychiatry, Sri Devaraj Ur''s Acedamy of Higher Education and Research (SDUAHER), Tamaka, Kolar, Karnataka, India;1. Institute for Advanced Ceramics, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, PR China;2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Architecture and Civil Engineering, Harbin University of Science and Technology, Harbin 150001, PR China;1. Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, College of Dentistry, University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil;2. Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY, USA;1. Instituto Superior Técnico, Dept. Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Lisbon, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal;2. LAETA, IDMEC, Instituto Superior Técnico, Dept. Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Lisbon, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal;3. ADEM, Mechanical Engineering Department, Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa, Rua Conselheiro Emídio Navarro 1, 1959-007 Lisboa, Portugal;4. IN+, Center for Innovation, Technology and Policy Research, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal |
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| Abstract: | Titanium alloys are superior to nearly all metals in terms of a combination of high mechanical strength and low weight. Therefore, titanium is used whenever the construction weight and its strength are essential. Bending is one of the most frequently used methods for forming titanium elements. However, current knowledge of titanium and its alloys forming by cold working is insufficient. Many phenomena, such as spring-back, need to be investigated and explained.This study was undertaken in order to investigate the titanium bending process. A numerical simulation of the bending of a Ti6Al4V ELI titanium alloy bar was carried out with the Adina System, based on the finite element method. The influence of bar diameter, bending radius and bending angle on the strain and stress distribution in the deformed element was analysed. The numerical calculations demonstrated that the spring-back was dependent on the size of the middle material zone, which remained in an elastic state during bending process. This in turn was dependent on the value of the bending radius, bending angle and diameter/thickness of the bent element. Knowledge of the spring-back is very important because it essentially decreases the forming accuracy of the bent elements. This is especially important when vital titanium elements, such as: body implants or aircraft elements, are bent. Therefore, the calculation results were validated experimentally. |
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