苏丹稠油延迟焦化装置直接引稠油开工情况

介绍了中国石油国际苏丹喀土穆炼油有限公司喀土穆炼油厂，在直接加工苏丹稠油（一种高酸高钙高黏度重质原油）延迟焦化装置中采用的两种开工方式，分析了它们的优缺点。该装置原来引用常压渣油作为进料进行开工，待操作正常后再切换为稠油进料，虽然这种开工方式在装置开工循环过程中，脱除轻组分的时间短，但在切换四通阀以后调整操作的难度较大，因此后来改为直接引用原油（稠油）作为进料进行开工。实践证明，直接引用原油开工的效果很好，操作调整简单，大量的轻组分进入分馏塔上部，分馏塔各侧线回流较容易建立；另外未出现常压渣油开工过程中蜡油量大、塔底温度高、加热炉对流段出口油温超高现象。

Start up viscous crude delayed coking unit by viscous crude oil

In the refinery of PetroChina Khartoum Refining Co. , Ltd, the delayed coker directly processing viscous crude oil （ a high-acidity, high-calcium and high-viscosity crude oil） is started up using two kinds of feedstocks, and their respective advantages and disadvantages have been analyzed. The unit was originally started upon with atmospheric residue feed. When the unit went into normal operation, it was switched over to viscous crude oil feed. Although the time required for removing light ends was short in the recycle process in this startup, the operation became difficult after switching over to 4-way valve. To solve this problem, viscous crude oil was used directly as the start-up feed. The practices showed that, with viscous crude oil feed, it was easy to adjust the operation. As a larger amount of light ends flow to the upper section of fractionator, sidedraw refluxes of the fractionator could be easily established. In addition, no problems of large amount of gas oil, high tower bottom temperature and temperature over-run at the outlet of furnace convection section experienced in the start-up with atmospheric residue have been found.