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Water Corrodes Copper |
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| Authors: | G Hultquist P Szakálos M J Graham A B Belonoshko G I Sproule L Gråsjö P Dorogokupets B Danilov T AAstrup G Wikmark G-K Chuah J-C Eriksson A Rosengren |
| Affiliation: | 1. Surface and Corrosion Science, KTH, 100 44, Stockholm, Sweden 2. Institute for Microstructural Sciences, NRC, Ottawa, ON, K1A0R6, Canada 3. Applied Material Physics, KTH, 100 44, Stockholm, Sweden 9. Condensed Matter Theory, KTH, AlbaNova University Center, 106 91, Stockholm, Sweden 4. Danderyds College, 182 36, Danderyd, Sweden 5. Institute of the Earth’s Crust, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Irkutsk, Russia 6. Danderydsv?gen 20F, 182 66, Djursholm, Sweden 7. Advanced Nuclear Technology, 751 83, Uppsala, Sweden 8. Faculty of Science, National University of Singapore, 0511, Singapore, Singapore |
| Abstract: | According to a current concept, copper canisters of thickness 0.05 m will be safe for nuclear waste containment for 100,000 years. We show that more than 1 m copper thickness might be required for 100,000 years durability based on water exposures of copper for 20 h, 7 weeks, 15 years, and 333 years. An observed evolution of hydrogen which involves heterogeneous catalysis of molecular hydrogen, first principles simulations, thermodynamic considerations and corrosion product characterization provide further evidence that water corrodes copper resulting in the formation of a copper hydroxide. These findings cast additional doubt on copper for nuclear waste containment and other important applications. |
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