Electrodeposition of Ni-Cu-Mo ternary alloys from citrate electrolytes

Conditions for the electrodeposition of Ni–Cu–Mo alloys from citrate electrolytes have been developed. The composition variations of the deposits with electrolyte pH and concentration have been investigated. A maximum molybdenum and nickel content is obtained for a pH of 7 and for low copper and large citrate concentrations. Molybdenum and copper are preferentially discharged at low current density whereas at high current density nickel becomes predominant. The deposits have a nodular morphology similar to that of the binary Ni–Mo layers