全国重要江河湖泊水功能区限制排污总量控制方案

对全国4 493个重要江河湖泊水功能区纳污能力进行了核定,结合水功能区水质状况、纳污能力和现状污染物入河量,提出了限制排污总量确定的原则,制定了水平年2020年和2030年的限制排污总量控制成果:2020年,COD 585.20万t/a,氨氮52.57万t/a;2030年,COD 542.97万t/a,氨氮46.54万t/a。对各省级行政区限制排污总量成果进行分析,结果表明,大多数省级行政区各水平年限制排污总量呈逐步递减趋势,与规划水平年水功能区水质达标率逐步增加的目标要求总体协调。根据限制排污总量方案,提出了加强水功能区限制排污总量管理的对策、措施和建议:加快开展水资源监控能力建设;切实加强水功能区监督管理;严格控制入河湖排污总量;不断加大水资源保护投入力度;完善政策法规和管理制度体系;强化宣传教育和公众参与。

Control strategy for pollution discharging in water function zones along key rivers and lakes in China

The pollution capacity of 4 493 national key water function zones has been checked. Taking water quality status, pollution capacity and present pollution loads entering water body into consideration, the principles for the limitation of discharged pollution are put forward. The aimed results of the pollution control during 2020 and 2030 are as follow: COD will be 5. 852 million t/a and NH₃-N will be 0. 526 million t/a in 2020 level year, COD will be 5. 430 million t /a and NH₃-N will be 0. 465 million t /a in 2030 level year. The results of the pollution control in each province are analyzed, which show that the annual limitation of total amount of pollution discharged in most provinces is gradually decreasing, which is consistent with the increasing of water quality compliance rate. According to the pollution control scheme, the measures for enhancing management of the limitation of discharged pollution are proposed, including accelerate the construction of monitoring water resources, strengthen the supervision and administration of water function zones, strictly control the pollution loads entering water body, increase investment in water conservation, improve the system of policies and regulations, strengthen the propaganda and education and improve the mechanism of public participation.