Coexpression of CD69 and HLADR activation markers on synovial fluid T lymphocytes of patients affected by rheumatoid arthritis: a three-colour cytometric analysis

Haploid and diploid strains of Aspergillus nidulans have been repeatedly treated with the strong mutagen 6-N-hydroxylaminopurine (HAP) which causes only base substitutions. An enormous amount of variability may be rapidly accumulated in haploid or diploid strains of A. nidulans. In particular, in the diploids the analysis of the results shows that after 12 cycles of treatment the conidia differ from each other for about ten recessive lethals and therefore probably for several hundreds of mutations. The viability of the heterozygous multiply mutant diploids is not appreciably different from that of untreated controls. In the diploid strains the accumulated variability was very high. The treatment of a haploid strain during vegetative growth also caused a strong accumulation of mutations, even though deleterious, because they can be maintained in the heterokaryotic condition.