Mathematical modeling of the freezing process of concrete and aggregates

A two dimensional finite element computer model for predicting frost penetration in saturated porous materials is presented. Based on available second order parabolic differential equations for predicting temperature and moisture content, and equations relating freezing temperature and water potential, the finite element model predicts temperature, water and ice content, frost penetration, and generated pore water pressures as a function of freezing time and given boundary conditions, Comparison of models results with available experimental data for mature cement pastes rendered reasonable agreement between the model and data.