从“设计导向”到“管控导向”——关于我国城市设计技术规范化的思考

近年来,我国各地编制了大量的城市设计,但实效性却普遍较低。通过对具有典型性的常州案例进行十余年城市设计实践的评估,系统揭示了当下城市设计实施中因制度缺失而带来的困境。同时,部分省市也进行了地方性的城市设计制度构建,但由于存在"重设计、轻管控"的现象,并没有从根本上扭转当下城市设计实施困难的状况。作者认为,问题的根源来自于对城市设计认识的偏差,城市设计不是设计建筑,而是针对城市形塑过程进行的规划干预。因此,我国的城市设计技术规范化工作需要从"设计导向"转型到"管控导向",并通过与法定规划的多层次衔接、规范化的城市设计成果转译和城市设计实施管理程序等,提高城市设计在规划建设中的实效性。

FROM "DESIGN-ORIENTED" TO "CONTROL-ORIENTED": REFLECTIONS ON THE STANDARDIZATION OF URBAN DESIGN TECHNIQUES IN CHINA

In recent years,a large number of urban designs have been composed in China,but their effectiveness is generally low.Through the evaluation on more than 10 years' urban design practice of Changzhou as a typical case,this paper reveals the predicaments in the implementation of urban design caused by the lack of technical system.Meanwhile,as a result of the practice of "highlighting design while neglecting control",the regional urban design technical systems,built in some provinces and cities,fail to fundamentally eliminate the predicaments of urban design.The author believes that the root of the problem comes from the misunderstanding of urban design which should not be the design of buildings but the planning intervention in the shaping process of a city.Therefore,the standardization of urban design techniques in China should shift from "designoriented" to "control-oriented",and improve the effectiveness of urban design in the planning and construction process through the multi-level connection with statutory plans,the standardized realization of urban design results,the standardized management of urban design implementation,etc.