“适应性”中的不适应——墨菲校园规划的“适应性”演变及在闽的地域性抵抗

美国建筑师墨菲在中国近代大学校园规划设计中取得了卓越的成就,并以"适应性建筑"思想作为中国设计实践的总结。与其他地区的校园规划比较,墨菲在福建两所大学(私立福建协和大学和私立厦门大学)的校园规划设计皆遇到了翻盘或重大调整。本文归纳了1914-1921年期间,墨菲在校园规划中设计方法的演变:从"长中轴线"到"递进院落"再到"多组团"布局。通过梳理墨菲的教育背景(布扎体系)和当时的历史条件环境,展示中西方校园规划思想的碰撞,对地域性抵抗的自然和社会文化层面进行重新审视。

INADAPTABILITY IN ADAPTABILITY: ADAPTIVE EVOLUTION AND TERRITORIAL RESISTANCE OF HENRY KILLAM MURPHY'S CAMPUS PLANNING IN THE CASES OF FUJIAN PROVINCE

American architect Henry Killam Murphy made outstanding achievement in campus planning in modem times of China,and summarized his design practice as "adaptive architecture." However,compared with campus planning in other areas,the concept of Henry K.Murphy has been confronted with major adjustment in two cases (Fukien Christian University & Amoy University) of Fujian Province.This paper sums up the evolution of Murphy's design method in campus planning from 1914 to 1921:from "long axis" to "progressive courtyard," and then to "multi-group." Through analysis of his education background (Beaux-Arts) and historical environment,the paper reveals collision between Chinese and Western campus planning and reviews the regional resistance in nature and social level.