二战后西方乡村景观风貌的研究脉络与启示

中国乡村建设历经改革开放后的快速城镇化阶段,其建设重点从乡村基础建设转向探索“美丽乡村”的建设模式.这与二战后西方乡村发展与转型过程极为相似,只是各发展阶段滞后于西方国家.因此,西方乡村景观风貌的研究成果对正面临转型的中国乡村研究有很强的参考价值.以ScienceDirect为主要数据源,将乡村景观风貌分为人工景观风貌、自然景观风貌和人文景观风貌,梳理其研究发展脉络,并提炼不同阶段的研究重点、研究方法及趋势特征.对比西方乡村景观风貌的发展经验和中国乡村的现状,中国乡村景观风貌建设应构建乡村景观空间数据库,为量化研究提供数据支持;发展绿色基础设施建设,设立乡村景观风貌的发展底线;促进跨学科合作,推动乡村景观风貌的交互性研究;完善公众参与机制,提升乡村景观风貌的人本性.

A Review on the Research Context of Western Rural Landscape and Its Implications in the Post WWII Period

Since the economic reform in China,rural areas have experienced rapid urbanization,and mode of development has been transformed from focusing on infrastructure construction to building the Beautiful Countryside.This process is quite similar to the transformative trajectory of Western rural areas,although there is a time lag.Therefore,the experience and practices of Westem rural landscape have strong reference value to the fast changing Chinese cases.The development process of Western rural areas can be divided into three stages,re-urbanization,rural modernization and rural ecological transformation,which represents different characteristic rural landscape respetively.Taking ScienceDirect as main data source,the research divides rural landscape into artificial landscapes,natural landscape and cultural landscape,and development process and characteristics of each is examined.On the basis of the experience and practice of Western rural landscape and the current situation of Chinese rural areas,this paper proposes rural landscape planning as follows:formulating comprehensive database of rural landscape factors to support quantitative analysis;developing green infrastructure as bottomline to rural landscape development;promoting interdisciplinary researches;and refining public participation in rural areas.