性别视角下外来务工人员就业空间的分异探析——以南京市主城区为实证

选取南京主城区作为主要研究范围,通过男女对比揭示外来务工人员的社会经济属性在就业空间上的性别差异和共性。比较二者就业空间的分异格局可知,主城区大部分区域性别差异明显,同时也存在性别差异不大的区域。性别差异明显的地区根据阶层特性、就业方向和社会家庭特征可分为4个次级特征区,主要分布于主城南部区域、主城东部环紫金山一带及主城中部一些散布街道。性别差异不大的地区主要分布于老城大部分地区,主城北端区域、主城西北局部。二者就业空间社会分异格局的形成既有商业用地和公共设施、科研院所与高科技园区、大型用人单位布局、城市第二产业等要素的布局带来的影响,又有劳动力市场的内在排斥、传统的家庭观念甚至性别歧视等个体和社会因素的影响。这些因素对男女外来务工群体的共通影响、主次影响或分别单独影响促成上述共性和差异。

ANALYSIS ON THE DIFFERENTIATION OF EMPLOYMENT SPACE OF MIGRANT WORKERS FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF GENDER: AN EMPIRICAL STUDY ON THE MAIN CITY OF NANJING

This paper takes the main city of Nanjing as the empirical case to reveal the differences and commonness in social-economical features and their spatial distribution of migrant workers through male/female comparison.Through the comparison of spatial differentiation pattern of male and female migrant workers,it is found that most areas of the main city show obvious gender difference,while some areas indicate less gender difference.According to the stratum features,employment directions,and social-family features,areas of obvious gender difference can be classified into four secondary featured districts,which are generally located in the southern part and eastern part of the main city around the Purple Mountain as well as some dispersed streets in the central part of the main city.Areas with less difference are located in most part of the old city area as well as the north end and part of the northwestern area of the main city.Concerning the influencing factors of the spatial differentiations,it is not only due to the layout of commercial and business land,public service facilities,hi-tech industry parks,large enterprises,and secondary industries,etc.,but also relating to the individual-social factors such as exclusion of labor market,ethics of traditional family,and even sexism in employment.The common effects,primary and secondary effects,or the separate effects on the male and female migrant workers,compose above commonness and differentiations.