基于总体城市设计的密度分区:方法体系与控制框架

快速城镇化进程使中国城市的面貌发生了巨大变化,也造成了城市密度格局的混乱.“量超质低”的现实使城市密度管控迫在眉睫.尝试从总体城市设计的视角出发,将其控制性成果的实施与城市密度分区管控相结合,使总量分配和形态分配融合为一张蓝图.认为中国城市应当倡导集约紧凑可持续的发展理念,审慎对待高层建筑开发,将“控量提质”作为下一阶段的城市发展目标.一方面构建高效而紧凑的高密度城市中心地区,另一方面严格控制城市背景地区,平衡形式与功能、供给与需求这两组关系,从而形成有效、有序的城市密度结构.在方法层面,提出了由现状要素综合分析、基础模型构建和多重技术校正三个环节组成的密度分区方法体系.同时,应将总体城市设计成果进行刚性和弹性的区分,并将刚性控制成果进一步划分为五大类型,参与到密度分区中.在制度实施层面,密度分区的宏观成果应当纳入总体规划体系,形成对总规的补充,并以法定形式确定权威性.密度分区还应以指标的形式,在中观层面对接控规体系,成为控规的编制依据之一.

A Study of Density Zoning based on Structural Urban Design: Method System and Control Framework

The process of rapid urbanization has transformed the physical outlook of Chinese cities,including the illegible urban density pattern.The reality of "high quantity and low quality" in urban spaces makes the management of urban density extremely urgent.This paper tries to tap the opportunities afforded by structural urban design and combine its control function with density zoning management so as to optimize the distribution of spatial resouces and urban forms on the blueprint.This paper argues that an intensive,compact and sustainable development idea should be advocated in Chinese cities,the development of high-rise buildings should be cautiously handled,and goals of "quantity control and quality promotion" should be pursued in the next stage of city development.On the one hand,efficient and compact high-density city centers should be sought after;on the other hand,urban background spaces need to be strictly controlled,and balance should be striken between supply and demand as well as that between form and function.In term of methodology,this paper puts forward a density zoning system,which is composed of three parts:the comprehensive analysis of the current situation,the construction of the basic model,and multiple technical correction.At the same time,the results of structural urban design should be divided into rigid and flexible components.The former is further divided into five types of rigid control indicators.At the level of system implementation,this paper argues that the macro results of density zoning should be integrated into urban master planning system with legal authority.Meanwhile,the density zoning should serve as a bridge between regulatory detailed plan and mid-level indicators and becomes a basis for regulatory detailed plan.