隧道–滑坡体系类型和隧道变形模式研究

在山区修建公路、铁路隧道时，常遇到隧道从滑坡体内及周边穿越的现象，这些隧道会因滑坡滑动而产生变形、开裂等病害。一直以来，由于将隧道开挖与滑坡蠕动分开考虑，未能很好地解释二者的相互作用。隧道与滑坡的空间位置关系控制病害的性质和规模，是决定隧道–滑坡体系相互作用模式的主要因素。它确定隧道在滑坡体中的受力模式，而隧道受力是导致隧道变形的根本原因，因此隧道与滑动面的相对位置关系决定隧道受力机制和变形特征。根据隧道与滑动面的空间位置关系，将隧道–滑坡体系划分为平行、正交和斜交三大体系类型，结合典型工程实例对不同的体系进行更细的划分，分析各类型的受力模式和变形特征，得到隧道–滑坡体系相互作用的规律。研究表明，不同体系其受力与变形有很大差别，总体上隧道–滑坡体系的相互作用随两者距离的增加而减弱。

RESEARCH ON TYPE OF TUNNEL-LANDSLIDE SYSTEM AND TUNNEL DEFORMATION MODE

While constructing tunnels of highway or railway in the mountainous area，the situation that tunnels pass through the landslide site often occurs. These tunnels usually suffers deformation and crack diseases because of landslide. Generally，tunnel excavation and landslide creep are considered separately，which can not well explain the interaction between them. The spatial position relationship of tunnel and landslide controls the nature and scale of the disease，and it is the main factor that decides the interaction model of tunnel-landslide system. It confirms the force mode of tunnel in the landslide，and the force that acts on tunnel is the fundamental reason of tunnel deformation. Therefore，the position relationship of tunnel and slip plane of the landslide determines the stress mechanism and deformation characteristics of the tunnel. According to the position relationship of the tunnel and the slip plane，tunnel-landslide system has been divided into three types，which are parallel，orthogonal and oblique systems. With typical engineering examples，different systems have been divided into more subtypes. Then the stress mode and deformation characteristics of each type have been analyzed，the interaction law of the tunnel-landslide system is got ultimately. The results show that，the stress and deformation of different systems have great differences generally，and the tunnel-landslide system interaction decreases with the increase of the distance between tunnel and landslide.