助剂对镍基生物质焦油重整催化剂性能影响的研究进展

分别以碱及碱土金属、过渡金属以及稀土金属3种常见助剂类型，探讨了不同助剂对镍基催化剂催化生物质裂解及气化重整制氢催化活性、催化剂物化特性及催化剂失活特性的影响。添加碱金属组分后，生物质热解反应速率会大幅上升，生物质焦的水蒸气气化反应得到促进，并且达到最大热解速率所需的温度也有所降低，热解产物趋向于小分子量产物；过渡金属对生物质气化过程中生成焦油的催化裂解重整具有较好的催化活性；稀土元素对甲醇水蒸气重整等催化反应有着重要的作用，镍基催化剂中加入Ce和Pr能提高甲醇转化率、改善产气组分、提高H₂的选择性。结合国内外的研究情况发现钴、镧等金属助剂有利于提升镍基催化剂重整制氢活性，催化剂积炭及表面活性颗粒的聚集是造成催化剂失活的主要原因。

Research Progress of Influence of Promoters on Performance of Nickel-based Catalyst for Biomass Tar Reforming

This review discussed the influence of promoters in terms of catalyst performance, physical and chemical properties as well as deactivation characteristics of catalyst from the perspective of alkali and alkaline earth metals, transition metal and rare earth metal, respectively.After the addition of alkali metal components, the biomass pyrolysis reaction rate will increase significantly, the steam gasification reaction of biomass coke will be promoted, and the temperature required to achieve the maximum pyrolysis rate will also decrease, the pyrolysis products tend to be small molecular weight products. The transition metal has good catalytic activity to the catalytic cracking reforming of tar in the gasification process. Rare earth elements play an important role in catalytic reactions such as methanol steam reforming. The addition of Ce and Pr in nickel-based catalysts can improve methanol conversion, gas-producing components and H₂ selectivity. Combined with the domestic and foreign research, it is found that Co, La and other metal promoters are conducive to improving the hydrogen production activity of nickel-based catalyst, while carbon deposition and active particles aggregation are the main causes of catalyst deactivation.