The need for exergy analysis and thermodynamic optimization in aircraft development |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, P.O. Box 90300, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708-0300, USA;2. The Boeing Company, MC S106-7075, PO Box 516, Saint Louis, MO 63166-0516, USA;1. Department of Energy Engineering, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran 775-14515, Iran;2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Technology & Engineering, University of Qom, Qom 3716146611, Iran;3. Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, University of Ontario Institute of Technology, Oshawa, +1905-121-8668, Canada;4. Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, K. N. Toosi University of Technology, Tehran 19395-1999, Iran;1. Eskisehir Technical University, Eskisehir, Turkey;2. Faculty of Aeronautics and Astronautics, TR-26470, Turkey;1. School of Aerospace Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China;2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region;3. Supercomputing Center, Computer Network Information Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China;1. University of Santander -UDES, Faculty of Engineering, Lagos del Cacique University Campus, Calle 70 N° 55-210, Bucaramanga, Santander, Colombia;2. University of the East - UO. Av. Patricio Lumumba s/n Altos de Quintero, Santiago de Cuba, Cuba;3. Excellence Group in Thermal Power and Distributed Generation - NEST, Institute of Mechanical Engineering, Federal University of Itajubá, Av. BPS 1303, Itajubá, MG, CEP: 37500-903, Brazil |
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| Abstract: | This paper outlines a newly emerging body of work that relies on exergy analysis and thermodynamic optimization in the design of energy systems for modern aircraft. Exergy analysis establishes the theoretical performance limit. The minimization of exergy destruction brings the design as closely as permissible to the theoretical limit. The system architecture springs out of this constrained optimization principle. A key problem is the extraction of maximum exergy from a hot gaseous stream that is gradually cooled and eventually discharged into the ambient. The optimal configuration consists of a heat transfer surface with a temperature that decays exponentially in the flow direction. This configuration can be achieved in a counterflow heat exchanger with an optimal imbalance of flow capacity rates. The same optimal configuration emerges when the surface is minimized subject to specified exergy extraction rate. Similar opportunities for optimally matching components and streams exist in considerably more complex systems for power and refrigeration. They deserve to be pursued, and can be approached first at the conceptual level, based on exergy analysis and thermodynamic optimization. The application of such principles in aircraft energy system design also sheds light on the “constructal” design principle that generates all the systems that use powered flight, engineered and natural, cf. constructal theory. |
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