高速动车组车体模态特性分析

针对轨道不平顺及设备运转使高速动车组运行过程中产生复杂的振动、严重降低乘坐舒适性和行驶安全性等问题,对车体进行模态特性分析,以改善车辆的动态响应特性。建立某高速动车组车体有限元模型,计算3种车体不同质量条件下的振动模态,分析设备吊挂位置和吊挂点数目对车体模态频率的影响,得到模态频率和振型的变化规律。在有限元计算的基础上搭建车体模态测试系统,对车体进行模态试验,分析仿真与试验结果的差异及原因,验证数值计算和有限元模型的正确性。结果表明,车体模态频率满足相关设计标准,不同质量的车体低阶模态振型变化趋势一致,吊挂位置对底架垂弯和车体扭转振动频率影响较明显,吊挂点数目增加使车体模态频率逐渐升高。

Modal Characteristics Analysis for Car Body of High-Speed Electric Multiple Units

The irregularity of track and the operation of equipment makes high-speed electric multiple units (EMU) to generate complex vibration during operation, which seriously reduces riding comfort and driving safety. In view of these problems, modal analysis is carried out on car body in order to improve the dynamic response of vehicle. A finite element model for the car body of a high-speed EMU is built, three kinds of car body modal under different mass conditions are calculated, the effects of equipment hanging position and hanging point number on modal frequencies of car body analyzed, and the change ranges of modal frequencies and modal shapes are concluded. On the basis of the finite element calculation, the vehicle modal test system is built, the modal tests of the car body is performed, the difference between the simulation results and the test results is analyzed, and the validity of numerical calculation and finite element model is demonstrated. Results show that the modal frequencies of the car body meet design standards, the modal shapes have the similar variation tendency under different mass conditions, hanging position has obvious influence on the modal frequencies of under frame vertical bending and car body torsional bending, and the modal frequencies of car body increases gradually with the increase of hanging point number.