宽波段遮蔽型干扰物及其形态和结构设计

舷外无源干扰手段由于简单可靠、使用方便、通用性好、成本低廉等优点,成为各国海军投入最多、优先发展的一种舰载软杀伤武器系统。随着信息技术和先进制导技术的发展,未来海上战场的电子战信息环境更为复杂,具有电子信号密度极高、信号形式复杂、信号频段极宽、信号动态范围大等四大主要特征,对海上电子战系统提出了更高的要求。由于目标体量巨大、雷达特征强、射频暴露频繁且严重、电子静默安全率低等原因,箔条等传统无源手段已无法满足航母等大型目标的防御要求。遮蔽型干扰物可以和箔条进行组合干扰,改变被测目标中心能量位置,实现对航母目标的干扰保护。 目前广泛使用的烟幕隐身材料多在可见光、红外波段,部分覆盖毫米波、厘米波段的遮蔽型烟幕隐身材料相对较少。随着科技的进步,遮蔽型烟幕干扰材料正向多波段复合干扰、遮蔽面积大、抗气象能力和环境适应性强、环保性能好等趋势发展。提高烟幕的综合遮蔽能力和效果,研制以吸收为主的吸收型遮蔽烟幕隐身材料,以及可同时对抗紫外、可见光、红外、毫米波和微波等的宽波段多功能型遮蔽烟幕是未来的主要发展方向。 本文详细叙述了遮蔽型烟幕干扰物的国内外研究现状,指出宽波段多功能型遮蔽烟幕是未来的主要发展方向。并根据滞空式无源干扰材料的空气动力学特性,以及吸波体设计所需满足的能量守恒、阻抗匹配等原理,对宽波段遮蔽型干扰物的结构设计方案进行了探讨。

Morphological and Structural Design of Wide Band Shielding Jamming Materials

Because of the advantages of simple and reliable, easy to use, good versatility and low cost, the outboard passive jamming method has become a shipboard soft killing weapon system with the most investment and priority development. With the development of information technology and advanced guidance technology, the information environment of the future electronic warfare is more complex, which has four main characteristics, such as high density of electronic signal, complex signal form, wide signal frequency band and large dynamic range of signal. A higher requirement is put forward to the maritime electronic warfare system. Because of the large target size, strong radar characteristics, frequent and serious radio frequency exposure, low electronic silence safety rate and other reasons, the traditional passive means such as chaff can no longer meet the defense requirements of large targets such as aircraft carriers. The screening smoke passive jamming materials can be combined with chaff to change the center energy position of the target, so as to protect the aircraft carrier target. At present, smoke stealth materials are widely used in visible light, infrared, partial coverage of MMW, and less in centimeter wave. With the development of science and technology, the shielding jamming material has the trend of multi-band composite interference, large shielding area, strong weather resistance and environmental adaptability, and good environmental performance and so on. To improve the comprehensive shielding ability and effect, and to develop absorptive screening smoke materials and wide band multi functional passive jamming materials simultaneously against UV, visible light, infrared, MMW and microwave is the main development direction in the future. In this paper, the research status of screening smoke passive jamming materials is described. And it is pointed out that wide band multi functional shielding jamming materials are the main development direction in the future. The structural design of wide band shielding materials is discussed according to the aerodynamic characteristics of passive jamming materials, the energy conservation and impedance matching principle.