Effect of prior crack growth on cleavage fracture of low toughness precracked Charpy specimens

Cleavage fracture of reactor pressure vessel steels in the upper ductile to brittle transition region generally occurs with prior significant ductile crack growth. For low upper shelf materials and using PreCracked Charpy v-notch (PCCv) specimens that can be obtained from conventional surveillance programs, the effect of prior crack growth could be particularly important. In practice, the shape of the Master Curve and the failure distribution could be affected by ductile crack growth. To quantify the effect in practical applications, the effect of prior ductile on cleavage is evaluated on PCCv specimen.The methodology use finite element calculations to grow a ductile crack and infer the brittle failure probability using the local approach to fracture. It is found that for very low upper shelf toughness materials, ductile crack growth enhances the failure probability, induces a steeper failure distribution and affects the shape of the Master Curve. However, for low toughness materials, the enhanced failure probability due to crack growth is compensated by loss of constraint.