加氢裂化催化剂研究进展

加氢裂化技术具有使原料油轻质化和直接生产清洁燃料及优质化工原料功能的工艺技术，是炼油工业中的绿色环保技术。随着全球石油趋向重质化、劣质化、环保法规日益严格、石油产品需求结构发生改变和中间馏分油需求的增加，促使对加氢裂化技术开发的深入。加氢裂化催化剂是加氢裂化技术的核心。我国现已拥有化工原料型、中间馏分油、尾油型和无定形催化剂的生产技术，UOP公司在加氢裂化段主要开发了灵活型、多产石脑油型以及多产中间馏分油型3大类催化剂；Chevron公司是最早开发加氢裂化技术的公司，开发了非贵金属无定形、非贵金属分子筛和贵金属分子筛3大类加氢裂化催化剂；Albemarle公司开发了KF-860加氢裂化预处理催化剂；Criterion公司开发了新型氧化铝载体，重点调节活性金属与载体之间的作用力，开发了新一代加氢预精制催化剂DN-3630。在新一代催化剂研发中，注重对微孔分子筛的开发和改性，使研制的催化剂具有很好的活性和稳定性等综合性能，由于微孔分子筛和介孔分子筛在酸性和孔结构上达到互补，随着介孔分子筛和微孔分子筛的相结合，微孔-介孔复合材料给加氢裂化催化剂的研发带来了新的发展机遇。

Research advance in hydrocracking catalysts

Hydrocracking technology, which are regarded as a kind of environmentally friendly technology in petroleum refining industry, is applied to produce light oil and clean fuel. Many institutes and refineries have invested in the development of hydrocraking technology due to more heavy oil and poor quality crudes worldwide. In addition, strict environmental regulations and increasing demand of novel petroleum product and middle distillate also impel the enhancement of hydrocracking technology. Hydrocracking catalyst is the core of hydrocraeking technology. Since hydrocracking catalyst played a crucial role in this field,the progress in hydrocracking catalysts at home and abroad was reviewed in this paper. China mastered the production technology of chemical raw materials, the middle distillates and tail oil and amorphous catalysts. The UOP company was committed to developing the hydrocracking catalysts of flexible, prolific naphtha and middle distillates types. Chevron Company was the first company to develop hydrocracking technology, and developed three types of hydrocracking catalysts non-noble metal amor- phous catalysts, non-noble metal molecular sieves and noble metal molecular sieves. Albemarle Company developed KF-860 hydrocracking-pretreating catalyst. Criterion Company developed a new type of alumina carrier and a new generation of DN-3630 hydro-pretreating catalyst by adjusting the interaction between the support and active metals. In development of new generation catalyst, the development and modification of the microporous zeolites were focused on in Order to make the as-prepared catalysts possess good activity and stability. With the development of combination of mesoporous molecular sieves and microporous molecular sieves, microporous-mesoporous composites have brought new development opportunities for the development of hydrocracking catalyst due to the complementarity between the acidity and pore structure of microporous and mesoporous molecular sieves.