新疆准东五彩湾煤田区不同深度土壤重金属污染评价、来源分析与空间分布特征

选择新疆准东煤田五彩湾露天煤矿区域作为研究区,对研究区周围的不同采样点的土壤样品进行采样及室内试验分析,测定了土壤中0-10cm、10-20cm、20-30cm三层土壤中的Hg、As、Zn、Cu、Cr、Pb六种重金属的含量,采用了多元统计分析、内梅罗综合污染指数法、地积累指数法,潜在生态危害指数法、主成分分析法、GIS空间插值和降尘重金属分析等方法对六种重金属在该区域的污染程度,空间分布特征,污染范围和等级,污染来源进行分析和评价。结果表明：从重金属含量上看,Hg、As、Cr三种元素的均值含量超过了新疆背景值,分别约为背景值的3.0倍、2.8倍和1.6倍。其中Zn和Cu相关性成线性正相关,相关系数较高,根据主成分分析可以确定这两种元素主要来源于土壤母质,Hg元素主要来源受人为因子影响,As、Cu、Cr元素不仅来源于土壤母质,也受人为因子影响。综合污染评价表明,Hg和As处于重度污染,其中Hg污染程度极重,Cr处于中度污染,Cu,Zn和Pb处于轻微污染状态。潜在生态风险表明,Hg处于较高生态风险,其他元素生态风险较低,该区域的潜在生态风险处于较高。从空间分析看,重金属高污染区域主要集中在矿区周边,公路附近和两个工业园区附近的区域,煤矿开采,运输,煤化工生产和能源工业等人类对土壤重金属的空间分布影响较大。

Spatial distribution and pollution source assessment of different depth of soil heavy metals in the WuCaiWan coal field in XinJiang East Junggar Basin.

The region of WuCaiWan open coal mine in East Junggar Basin in XinJiang was selected as study area. By measuring six heavy meatal elements which include Hg, As, Zn, Cu, Cr and Pb in soil, we use multivariate statistical analysis, unidirectional index, nemero pollution index, geoaccumulation index, the potential ecological risk index,special interpolation and dust analysis of heavy metal to analysis the pollution status and scope, spatial distribution characteristics, pollution source and evaluate the pollution degree of the soil heavy metal in the study area. The result indicates that, soil heavy metal contents of Hg, As and Cr were high than the Xinjiang background value 3.0, 2.8, 1.6 times respectively. A Strong positive correlation was found between Zn and Cu, and these two chemical elements were supposed to derived from soil parent materials. Hg was mainly influence by anthropogenic factor. As, Cu and Cr were derived from soil parent materials and human factor. Ecological risk assessment shows that Hg was in a high risk and other five heavy metal elements were in a low risk, the total potential ecological risk index was in a higher grade. The spatial distribution analysis of the soil heavy metal shows the high pollution area was assembled around the open pit coal mine area, roads and two industrial parks. The spatial distribution of the soil heavy metal was strongly influenced by coal mining, coal mine transportation, coal chemical industry and energy industry.