核电站从设计安全到现实安全的基本思考

文章针对核电站安全提出"设计安全"和"现实安全"的概念,通过分析研究国外核事故与国内核安全质量事件,阐述设计阶段确保核电站安全的设计安全重要性,重点描述了设计安全保障体系内容。并从设计、采购、制造、建造、安装、调试、运行、维护、老化到退役等全生命周期角度分析影响核电站现实安全的关键因素,探讨了全生命周期中的质量保证体系、核安全文化建设、风险指引对策、人因工程管理、信息反馈机制、核安全监管体系等对核电站现实安全的重要意义。

Basic Discussion on Design Safety and Reality Safety of Nuclear Power Plant

The concepts of design safety and reality safety were put forward for nuclear power plant safety in the paper. The importance of design safety was described in the design phase to ensure the safety of nuclear power plant, based on analysis of foreign nuclear accidents and domestic nuclear quality incidents. The key factors of reality safety were presented from design, procurement, manufacturing, construction, installation, commissioning, operation, maintenance, aging to retirement in the whole lifetime of nuclear power plant. The significant meaning on reality safety was discussed according to the quality assurance system, safety culture construction, risk-informed and performance-based approach, human factor engineering management, information feedback mechanism and regulatory system in the whole lifetime.