深水库淹没区岩土体文物异地模拟展示选址研究——以皎平渡渡口山洞遗址为例

水库建设将影响淹没区内文物古迹的保存,岩土体文物具有本体和赋存载体不可分割的整体性特征,在水库淹没较深的情况下,无法进行整体搬迁或就地保护展示,因此原址覆盖保护、异地模拟展示便成为保留文物信息和价值的首选方法,其中选址即为最重要的环节之一。以乌东德水库淹没区的皎平渡渡口山洞遗址为例,在详细调查山洞遗址文物和拟选场地信息的基础上,采用层次分析法,建立以最优选址为目标层、6个指标为准则层、14个指标为子准则层、5处选址为方案层的层次结构,逐层逐个指标构建判断矩阵,通过计算和检验最终确定1号场址为最佳模拟展示场址。分析同时证明,层次分析法是一种可实现综合兼顾各种定量与定性因素的决策方法,适用于水库淹没区文物异地模拟展示及迁移复建选址方案的决策评价。

Study on site selection of remote simulation display of rock and soil cultural relics in deep reservoir submerged area:case of cave site of Jiaopingdu ferry

Reservoir construction affects the preservation of cultural relics and historic sites in reservoir submerged area. The rock and soil cultural relic body and its occurrence carrier are integral and inseparable. The overall relocation or original site protection display is impossible when the submerged water is deep. Covering the site in situ for protection and selecting another place for simulation display has become the preference to retain the information and value of cultural relics. Among them, site selection is one of the most important parts. Taking the cave site of Jiaopingdu ferry as an example, based on the detailed information investigation of the cave site and the proposed sites, AHP was adopted to build a hierarchy, in which, optimal site selection was the target layer, 6 indicators were the criterion layer, 14 indicators were the sub-criterion layer, and 5 site selection were the scheme layer. Then the judgment matrix for each index layers were constructed. After the calculation and test, the No. 1 site was finally determined to be the best simulated display site. The analysis results also proved that AHP is applicable to the decision-making and evaluation of the site selection of cultural relics in deep reservoir submerged area.